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Glossary
ABRASION
Progressive wearing away of material.
ABRASION RESISTANCE
The ability of a rubber Compound to resist mechanical wear.
ACCELERATED LIFETEST
Any set of conditions designed to reproduce in a short time the
deteriorating effect obtained under normal service conditions.
ACCELERATED SERVICETEST
A service or bench test in which some service condition, such as
speed, or temperature, or continuity of operation, is exaggerated
in order to obtain a result in shorter time.
ACID RESISTANT
Withstands the action of acids.
ADHERE
To cling or stick together.
ADHESION
Susceptibility of rubber to stick to a contact surface.
AFTER CURE
Continuation of vulcanization after the desired cure is effected
and the heat source removed.
AGING
To undergo changes in physical properties with age or lapse of
time
AGING, AIR OVEN
A means of accelerating the change in physical properties of
rubber Compounds by exposing them to the action of air at an
elevated temperature.
AGING, AIR PRESSURE HEAT
A means of accelerating the change in physical properties of
rubber Compounds by exposing them to the action of air under
pressure at an elevated temperature.
AGING, OXYGEN BOMB
A means of accelerating the change in physical properties of
rubber Compounds by exposing them to the action of oxygen at
an elevated temperature and pressure.
AIR BOMB
Similar to an oxygen bomb but used with air. Used for
accelerated aging test.
AIR CHECKS
Surface markings or depressions due to trapping air between
the materials being cured and the mold or press surface.
AIR CURING
The vulcanization of a rubber product in air as distinguished from
vulcanizing in a press or steam vulcanizer.
AMBIENTTEMPERATURE
The environment temperature surrounding the object under
consideration.
ANILINE NO. OF OIL
Temperature at which a given amount of aniline reacts with a
particular oil. The aniline point generally affects the swell.
ATMOSPHERIC CRACKING
Cracks produced in surface of rubber articles by exposure to
atmospheric conditions.
AVERAGE MODULUS
Total change of stress divided by total change of strain, i.e., the
average slope of the stress-strain curve. Employed when
modulus varies from point to point.
BACK RIND
A burn-back into the part at a mold line separation caused by too
soft a rubber stock, excessive acceleration, or too low a
plasticity.
BACK-UP RING
Washer-like device installed next to O-Ring to prevent extrusion.
BENCHTEST
A modified service test in which the service conditions are
approximated, but the equipment is conventional laboratory
equipment and not necessarily identical with that in which the
product will be employed.
BENDING MODULUS
Force required to induce bending around a given radius, and
hence a measure of stiffness.
BLEEDING
Migration to the surface of plasticizers, waxes, or similar
materials to form a film or beads.
BLEMISH
A mark, deformity, or injury which impairs the appearance.
BLISTERS
A raised spot on the surface or a separation between layers
usually forming a void or air-filled space in the vulcanized article.
BLOOM
A discoloration or change in appearance of the surface of a
rubber product caused by the migration of a liquid or solid to the
surface. Examples: sulfur bloom, wax bloom. Not to be confused
with dust on the surface from external sources.
BREAK
A separation or discontinuity in any part of an article.
BREAKOUT
Force to inaugurate sliding. Expressed in same terms as friction.
An excessive breakout value is taken as an indication of the
development of adhesion.
DEVELOPED BYTHE O-RING DIVISION OFTHE RUBBER MANUFACTURING ASSOCIATION, INC.