Parker Hannifin Corporation
Fluid System Connectors
Otsego, Michigan
O7
Catalog 3501E
Parker Safety Guide for Selecting and Using Hose, Tubing, Fittings and Related Accessories
Parker Publication No. 4400-B.1
Revised: May, 2002
WARNING: Failure or improper selection or improper use of hose, tubing, fittings, assemblies or related accessories (“Products”) can cause
death, personal injury and property damage. Possible consequences of failure or improper selection or improper use of these Products include
but are not limited to:
1.0
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS
1.1
Scope:
This safety guide provides instructions for selecting and using (including assembling,
installing, and maintaining) these Products. For convenience, all rubber and/or thermoplastic
products commonly called “hose” or “tubing” are called “Hose” in this safety guide. All assemblies
made with Hose are called “Hose Assemblies”. All products commonly called “fittings” or “cou-
plings” are called “Fittings”. All related accessories (including crimping and swaging machines and
tooling) are called “Related Accessories”. This safety guide is a supplement to and is to be used
with, the specific Parker publications for the specific Hose, Fittings and Related Accessories that
are being considered for use.
1.2
Fail-Safe:
Hose, and Hose Assemblies and Fittings can and do fail without warning for many
reasons. Design all systems and equipment in a fail-safe mode, so that failure of the Hose or
Hose Assembly or Fitting will not endanger persons or property.
1.3
Distribution:
Provide a copy of this safety guide to each person that is responsible for selecting
or using Hose and Fitting products. Do not select or use Parker Hose or Fittings without thor-
oughly reading and understanding this safety guide as well as the specific Parker publications for
the products considered or selected.
1.4
User Responsibility:
Due to the wide variety of operating conditions and applications for Hose
and Fittings, Parker and its distributors do not represent or warrant that any particular Hose or
Fitting is suitable for any specific end use system. This safety guide does not analyze all technical
parameters that must be considered in selecting a product. The user, through its own analysis
and testing, is solely responsible for:
•
Making the final selection of the Hose and Fitting.
•
Assuring that the user’s requirements are met and that the application presents no health or
safety hazards.
•
Providing all appropriate health and safety warnings on the equipment on which the Hose and
Fittings are used.
•
Assuring compliance with all applicable government and industry standards.
1.5
Additional Questions:
Call the appropriate Parker technical service department if you have any
questions or require any additional information. See the Parker publication for the product being
considered or used, or call 1-800-CPARKER, or go to
www.parker.com
, for telephone numbers of
the appropriate technical service department.
2.0
HOSE AND FITTING SELECTION INSTRUCTIONS
2.1
Electrical Conductivity:
Certain applications require that the Hose be nonconductive to prevent
electrical current flow. Other applications require the Hose and the Fitting and the Hose/Fitting
interface to be sufficiently conductive to drain off static electricity. Extreme care must be exercised
when selecting Hose and Fittings for these or any other applications in which electrical conductiv-
ity or nonconductivity is a factor.
The electrical conductivity or nonconductivity of Hose and Fittings is dependent upon many
factors and may be susceptible to change. These factors include but are not limited to the various
materials used to make the Hose and the Fittings, Fitting finish (some Fitting finishes are electri-
cally conductive while others are nonconductive), manufacturing methods (including moisture
control), how the Fittings contact the Hose, age and amount of deterioration or damage or other
changes, moisture content of the Hose at any particular time, and other factors.
The following are considerations for electrically nonconductive and conductive Hose. For other
applications consult the individual catalog pages and the appropriate industry or regulatory
standards for proper selection.
2.1.1
Electrically Nonconductive Hose:
Certain applications require that the Hose be nonconductive
to prevent electrical current flow or to maintain electrical isolation. For these applications that
require Hose to be electrically nonconductive, including but not limited to applications near high
voltage electric lines, only special nonconductive Hose can be used. The manufacturer of the
equipment in which the nonconductive Hose is to be used must be consulted to be certain that the
Hose and Fittings that are selected are proper for the application. Do not use any Parker Hose or
Fitting for any such application requiring nonconductive Hose, including but not limited to applica-
tions near high voltage electric lines, unless (i) the application is expressly approved in the Parker
technical publication for the product, (ii) the Hose is marked “nonconductive”, and (iii) the manufac-
turer of the equipment on which the Hose is to be used specifically approves the particular Parker
Hose and Fitting for such use.
2.1.2
Electrically Conductive Hose:
Parker manufacturers special Hose for certain applications that
require electrically conductive Hose.
Parker manufactures special Hose for conveying paint in airless paint spraying applications. This
Hose is labeled “Electrically Conductive Airless Paint Spray Hose” on its layline and packaging.
This Hose must be properly connected to the appropriate Parker Fittings and properly grounded
in order to dissipate dangerous static charge buildup, which occurs in all airless paint spraying
applications. Do not use any other Hose for airless paint spraying, even if electrically conductive.
Use of any other Hose or failure to properly connect the Hose can cause a fire or an explosion
resulting in death, personal injury, and property damage.
Parker manufactures a special Hose for certain compressed natural gas (“CNG”) applications
where static electricity buildup may occur. Parker CNG Hose assemblies comply with AGA
Requirements 1-93, “Hoses for Natural Gas Vehicles and Fuel Dispensers”. This Hose is labeled
“
Electrically Conductive for CNG Use” on its layline and packaging. This Hose must be properly
connected to the appropriate Parker Fittings and properly grounded in order to dissipate danger-
ous static charge buildup, which occurs in, for example, high velocity CNG dispensing or transfer.
Do not use any other Hose for CNG applications where static charge buildup may occur, even if
electrically conductive. Use of other Hoses in CNG applications or failure to properly connect or
ground this Hose can cause a fire or an explosion resulting in death, personal injury, and property
damage. Care must also be taken to protect against CNG permeation through the Hose wall. See
section 2.6, Permeation, for more information. Parker CNG Hose is intended for dispenser and
vehicle use at a maximum temperature of 180°F. Parker CNG Hose should not be used in con-
fined spaces or unventilated areas or areas exceeding 180°F. Final assemblies must be tested for
leaks. CNG Hose Assemblies should be tested on a monthly basis for conductivity per AGA 1-93.
Parker manufacturers special Hose for aerospace in flight applications. Aerospace in flight ap-
plications employing Hose to transmit fuel, lubricating fluids and hydraulic fluids require a special
Hose with a conductive inner tube. This Hose for in flight applications is available only from
Parker’s Stratoflex Products Division. Do not use any other Parker Hose for in flight applications,
even if electrically conductive. Use of other Hoses for in flight applications or failure to properly
connect or ground this Hose can cause a fire or an explosion resulting in death, personal injury ,
and property damage. These Hose assemblies for in flight applications must meet all applicable
aerospace industry, aircraft engine, and aircraft requirements.
2.2
Pressure:
Hose selection must be made so that the published maximum recommended working
pressure of the Hose is equal to or greater than the maximum system pressure. Surge pres-
sures or peak transient pressures in the system must be below the published maximum working
pressure for the Hose. Surge pressures and peak pressures can usually only be determined by
sensitive electrical instrumentation that measures and indicates pressures at millisecond intervals.
Mechanical pressure gauges indicate only average pressures and cannot be used to determine
surge pressures or peak transient pressures. Published burst pressure ratings for Hose is for
manufacturing test purposes only and is no indication that the Product can be used in applications
at the burst pressure or otherwise above the published maximum recommended working pressure.
2.3
Suction:
Hoses used for suction applications must be selected to insure that the Hose will with-
stand the vacuum and pressure of the system. Improperly selected Hose may collapse in suction
application.
2.4
Temperature:
Be certain that fluid and ambient temperatures, both steady and transient, do not
exceed the limitations of the Hose. Temperatures below and above the recommended limit can
degrade Hose to a point where a failure may occur and release fluid. Properly insulate and protect
the Hose Assembly when routing near hot objects (e.g. manifolds). Do not use any Hose in any
application where failure of the Hose could result in the conveyed fluids (or vapors or mist from the
conveyed fluids) contacting any open flame, molten metal, or other potential fire ignition source
that could cause burning or explosion of the conveyed fluids or vapors.
2.5
Fluid Compatibility:
Hose Assembly selection must assure compatibility of the Hose tube, cover,
reinforcement, and Fittings with the fluid media used. See the fluid compatibility chart in the
Parker publication for the product being considered or used. This information is offered only as
a guide. Actual service life can only be determined by the end user by testing under all extreme
conditions and other analysis.
Hose that is chemically compatible with a particular fluid must be assembled using Fittings and
adapters containing likewise compatible seals.
2.6
Permeation:
Permeation (that is, seepage through the Hose) will occur from inside the Hose to
outside when Hose is used with gases, liquid and gas fuels, and refrigerants (including but not
limited to such materials as helium, diesel fuel, gasoline, natural gas, or LPG). This permeation
may result in high concentrations of vapors which are potentially flammable, explosive, or toxic,
and in loss of fluid. Dangerous explosions, fires, and other hazards can result when using the
wrong Hose for such applications. The system designer must take into account the fact that this
permeation will take place and must not use Hose if this permeation could be hazardous. The
system designer must take into account all legal, government, insurance, or any other special
regulations which govern the use of fuels and refrigerants. Never use a Hose even though the
fluid compatibility is acceptable without considering the potential hazardous effects that can result
from permeation through the Hose Assembly.
Permeation of moisture from outside the Hose to inside the Hose will also occur in Hose as-
semblies, regardless of internal pressure. If this moisture permeation would have detrimental
effects (particularly, but not limited to refrigeration and air conditioning systems), incorporation of
sufficient drying capacity in the system or other appropriate system safeguards should be selected
and used.
2.7
Size:
Transmission of power by means of pressurized fluid varies with pressure and rate of flow.
The size of the components must be adequate to keep pressure losses to a minimum and avoid
damage due to heat generation or excessive fluid velocity.
2.8
Routing:
Attention must be given to optimum routing to minimize inherent problems (kinking
or flow restriction due to Hose collapse, twisting of the Hose, proximity to hot objects or heat
sources).
Before selecting or using any of these Products, it is important that you read and follow the instructions below. Only Hose from Parker’s Stratoflex Products
Division is approved for in flight aerospace applications, and no other Hose can be used for such in flight applications.
•
Fittings thrown off at high speed.
•
High velocity fluid discharge.
•
Explosion or burning of the conveyed fluid.
•
Electrocution from high voltage electric powerlines.
•
Contact with suddenly moving or falling objects that are controlled by
the conveyed fluid.
•
Injections by high-pressure fluid discharge.
•
Dangerously whipping Hose.
•
Contact with conveyed fluids that may be hot, cold, toxic or otherwise
injurious.
•
Sparking or explosion caused by static electricity buildup or other
sources of electricity.
•
Sparking or explosion while spraying paint or flammable liquids.
•
Injuries resulting from inhalation, ingestion or exposure to fluids.
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