Page 29 - GarlockFluidSealing2010

A-27
pH Values
Common Oxidizers
The scientifc shorthand for indicating the level of
acidity or alkalinity of a substance is the pH value. The
Oxidizers act as a catalyst and cause hydrocar-
bons to combine with oxygen and cause breakdown of
the fber. Here is a partial listing of the most commonly
used strong oxidizers. (A complete listing is available
from Garlock Applications Engineering.)
(a) Fluorine, used as an oxidizer or rocket fuel.
(b) Sulfur Trioxide, used to make sulfuric acid.
(c) Aqua Regia (nitric and hydrochloric acid), used to
dissolve metals.
(d) Sodium Peroxide, used in dyeing, paper and oxy-
gen generation.
(e) Oleum (fuming sulfuric), used in detergent and
explosive manufacturing.
(f) Perchloric Acid, used in the manufacturing of explo-
sives, esters and medicine.
(g) Sulfuric Acid, greater than 75% and over 250°F, the
most widely-used industrial chemical.
(h) Chloric Acid, greater than 10% and over 200°F,
ignites organic materials on contact.
(i) Ferric Chloride, greater than 50% and over 200°F,
used for sewage treatment, photography, medicine,
etching, feed additives and oxidizing disinfectant.
(j) Nitric Acid, used in fertilizer, explosives, etching,
medicine, dyeing and drugs.
(k) Chlorous Acid, greater than 10% and over 200°F.
(I) Iodine, greater than 5% and over 200°F, used in
soaps, medicine, some lubricants, dyes and salt.
(m) Hydrofuoric Acid, greater than 40% and over
200°F, used for pickling, purifcation, dissolving
ores, cleaning castings, etching, cleaning stone
and brick, and fermentation.
(n) Sodium Hypochlorite, greater than 5%, used in
textiles, water purifcation and bleaching pulp and
paper.
(o) Sodium Chlorate, greater than 5%, used as bleach
for paper pulp, medicine and leather textiles.
(p) Calcium Chlorate, greater than 5%, used in pyro-
technics and photography.
scale is logarithmic, making lye, at 13, ten times as
alkaline as ammonia at 12.
ACIDIC ALKALINE / CAUSTIC
Severe Medium Mild to Medium Medium Severe
Service Service Service Service Service
Battery
Acid
Lemon
Juice
Vinegar
Acid Rain
Distilled
Water
Seawater and Bak-
ing Soda
Ammonia
Lye
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14